Do you know?
A team of researchers from the University of Manchester & Exeter has confirmed CALCULUS was created in India 250 years before Newton & Leibniz.
NO “WHITES” didn’t invent Calculus. They stole it from Indians.
Read on to know the history 🧵 x.com
A team of researchers from the University of Manchester & Exeter has confirmed CALCULUS was created in India 250 years before Newton & Leibniz.
NO “WHITES” didn’t invent Calculus. They stole it from Indians.
Read on to know the history 🧵 x.com
The fundamental theorem of Calculus comes from Aryabhata and developed by Indians over generations. x.com
Certain preliminary concepts of the infinitesimal Calculus and analysis can be traced back to Siddhanta-siromani written by a Hindu Mathematician and astronomer Bhaskaracharya in 1150. x.com
The seeds of the calculus laid by Aryabhata and developed further by subsequent generations of mathematicians.
Some important members of this lineage were Parameshvara (1360-1455), Nilakantha (1445-1545) and Jyeshthadeva x.com
Some important members of this lineage were Parameshvara (1360-1455), Nilakantha (1445-1545) and Jyeshthadeva x.com
While Aryabhata pioneered the use of the sine differences to find the sine table, subsequent mathematicians extended the ideas of Aryabhata.
Aryabhata had given the sine values for 24 angles, Vateshvara in the Vateshvarasiddhanta tabulated the sine values for 96 angles between 0 and 90 degrees. Brahmagupta introduced the second order interpolation method.
Aryabhata had given the sine values for 24 angles, Vateshvara in the Vateshvarasiddhanta tabulated the sine values for 96 angles between 0 and 90 degrees. Brahmagupta introduced the second order interpolation method.
Then comes the Kerala school of Mathematicians. Notable names are Madhava & Nilkantha whose work concerns the series expansions of the sine and cosine functions.
The sine tables by Madhava as quoted by Nilakantha in his Aryabhatiyabhashya.
It state the values of the sine function accurate up to one part in 100 million, encoded in the katapayadi system
The sine tables by Madhava as quoted by Nilakantha in his Aryabhatiyabhashya.
It state the values of the sine function accurate up to one part in 100 million, encoded in the katapayadi system
Calculus is considered to be a crowning achievement of Western mathematics, and it is held that Newton and Leibniz were its independent co discoverers.
However there is no prior significant history or background of the development of that field in the region unlike we see in India where it develops bit by bit starting from Aryabhata in the 5th century to Brahmagupta, Vateshvara, Bhaskara and finally Kerala mathematicians.
However there is no prior significant history or background of the development of that field in the region unlike we see in India where it develops bit by bit starting from Aryabhata in the 5th century to Brahmagupta, Vateshvara, Bhaskara and finally Kerala mathematicians.
So did Newton & Leibniz miraculously formulated Calculus all of a sudden?
The answer is a BIG NO.
Here is how mathematical knowledge of Kerala reached Europe who then plagiarised most of this knowledge and credited themselves with their sudden discoveries. x.com
The answer is a BIG NO.
Here is how mathematical knowledge of Kerala reached Europe who then plagiarised most of this knowledge and credited themselves with their sudden discoveries. x.com
Around 15th century Asian countries like India & china was famous for their manufacturers.
Among other things, fabrics such as cotton and silk, spices such as nutmeg, cinnamon, pepper and cloves, and other products such as musk, camphor, ambergris, sandalwood and incense were in very high demand in Europe.
Among other things, fabrics such as cotton and silk, spices such as nutmeg, cinnamon, pepper and cloves, and other products such as musk, camphor, ambergris, sandalwood and incense were in very high demand in Europe.
The only route to the East available at that time was the set of routes known as the Silk Route.
Republic of Venice was the most important empire in Italy and because of its geographically strategic location enjoyed a virtual monopoly over this trade.
Venice would import these products and sell them to the rest of Europe at very high profit.
Republic of Venice was the most important empire in Italy and because of its geographically strategic location enjoyed a virtual monopoly over this trade.
Venice would import these products and sell them to the rest of Europe at very high profit.
When Islamic Ottoman Empire overthrew the Byzantine Empire in 1453 and virtually blocked this trade European kingdoms started looking for alternative routes to India.
Many expeditions were launched by Europeans to reach India.
This is when Christopher Columbus by chance discovered America and we know how they looted it later.
Many expeditions were launched by Europeans to reach India.
This is when Christopher Columbus by chance discovered America and we know how they looted it later.
Finally Vasco Da Gama with the help of an Indian navigator discovered the sea route to India and finally reached kerala, India.
However, even though they discovered the route it was still not possible for them to come to India as Europeans lacked navigation skills of stellar navigation as trigonometry was not known to them.
However, even though they discovered the route it was still not possible for them to come to India as Europeans lacked navigation skills of stellar navigation as trigonometry was not known to them.
Knowledge of astronomy & Trigonometry was needed for navigation & cartography of Map which India was expert in.
European government offered prizes for learning astronomy and Trigonometry. These gave rise to many mathematicians involved in navigation.
One of these was Regiomontanus (1436–1476), who wrote the first textbook on trigonometry to be used in Europe and which was based on Sanskrit and Arabic texts.
European government offered prizes for learning astronomy and Trigonometry. These gave rise to many mathematicians involved in navigation.
One of these was Regiomontanus (1436–1476), who wrote the first textbook on trigonometry to be used in Europe and which was based on Sanskrit and Arabic texts.
To acquire Indian knowledge and texts directly, Christopher Clavius trained Jesuit missionaries—the first batch of which came to India in the year 1578.
The Jesuits after their arrival in 1578 set up a college there as well as a printing press. Slowly Indian Mathematical knowledge started getting transferred to Europe.
The Jesuits after their arrival in 1578 set up a college there as well as a printing press. Slowly Indian Mathematical knowledge started getting transferred to Europe.
19 years after jesuits landed in Kerala, suddenly Christopher Clavius published a table of sines, accurate upto 7 Decimal
WITHOUT EXPLAINING THE METHOD.
Coincidence? x.com
WITHOUT EXPLAINING THE METHOD.
Coincidence? x.com
THERE IS BARELY ANY MATHEMATICAL TREATISE FOUND IN ENTIRE EUROPE prior to the arrival of Jesuit missionaries.
Suddenly after the arrival of these missionaries Europe suddenly becomes a Mathematical genius.
Exactly how? x.com
Suddenly after the arrival of these missionaries Europe suddenly becomes a Mathematical genius.
Exactly how? x.com
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