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🚨Indian History and Culture Milestones
👉100 Years (1923-1924)
• Flag Satyagraha Movement (1923)
- Initiated by the Indian National Congress in response to the British ban on using the Indian flag
- Significant event in the Indian Independence Freedom Struggle Movement
- Mahatma Gandhi emphasized nonviolence and peaceful means during preparatory meetings
- British government repressed and violently suppressed the movement
- Inspired other nonviolent campaigns like the Salt Satyagraha and Quit India Movement
• Kittur Uprising (1824)
- Led by Rani Chennamma against British annexation attempts
- First Indian ruler to lead an armed rebellion against the British East India Company
- Fought fiercely with the help of lieutenants Sangolli Rayanna and Gurusiddappa
- Ultimately captured and imprisoned at Bailhongal Fort, where she died in 1829
👉125 Years (1898-1899)
• Formation of the Indian National Social Conference (1898)
- Established to promote social reforms alongside the political movement
- Broad-based composition including adherents of Prarthana, Brahmo and Arya Samajists
- Excluded religious subjects from its agenda
- Played an active role in social reform during the Age of Consent Bill agitation
👉150 Years (1873-1874)
• Bihar famine of 1873–74
- Affected an area of 140,000 square kilometres and a population of 21.5 million
- Relief effort organized by Sir Richard Temple, newly appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal
- Rs. 40 million spent on importing 450,000 tons of rice from Burma
- Road construction became a major project of the famine relief works
• Indian Oaths Act (1873)
- Legislation passed related to the administration of oaths
- Short Act consisting of 14 sections
- Section 4 enumerates persons authorized to administer oaths and affirmations
- Section 5 provides that all witnesses, interpreters and jurors shall make oaths or affirmations
👉175 Years (1848-1849)
• Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848-1849)
- Resulted in the annexation of Punjab by the British East India Company
- Conflict between the Sikh Empire of Punjab and the British East India Company
- Began with the Sikh army's mutiny against the British in Multan
- Concluded with the Treaty of Lahore in 1849, dissolving the Sikh Empire
Just have a look at this 🧵
🚨Indian History and Culture Milestones
👉100 Years (1923-1924)
• Flag Satyagraha Movement (1923)
- Initiated by the Indian National Congress in response to the British ban on using the Indian flag
- Significant event in the Indian Independence Freedom Struggle Movement
- Mahatma Gandhi emphasized nonviolence and peaceful means during preparatory meetings
- British government repressed and violently suppressed the movement
- Inspired other nonviolent campaigns like the Salt Satyagraha and Quit India Movement
• Kittur Uprising (1824)
- Led by Rani Chennamma against British annexation attempts
- First Indian ruler to lead an armed rebellion against the British East India Company
- Fought fiercely with the help of lieutenants Sangolli Rayanna and Gurusiddappa
- Ultimately captured and imprisoned at Bailhongal Fort, where she died in 1829
👉125 Years (1898-1899)
• Formation of the Indian National Social Conference (1898)
- Established to promote social reforms alongside the political movement
- Broad-based composition including adherents of Prarthana, Brahmo and Arya Samajists
- Excluded religious subjects from its agenda
- Played an active role in social reform during the Age of Consent Bill agitation
👉150 Years (1873-1874)
• Bihar famine of 1873–74
- Affected an area of 140,000 square kilometres and a population of 21.5 million
- Relief effort organized by Sir Richard Temple, newly appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal
- Rs. 40 million spent on importing 450,000 tons of rice from Burma
- Road construction became a major project of the famine relief works
• Indian Oaths Act (1873)
- Legislation passed related to the administration of oaths
- Short Act consisting of 14 sections
- Section 4 enumerates persons authorized to administer oaths and affirmations
- Section 5 provides that all witnesses, interpreters and jurors shall make oaths or affirmations
👉175 Years (1848-1849)
• Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848-1849)
- Resulted in the annexation of Punjab by the British East India Company
- Conflict between the Sikh Empire of Punjab and the British East India Company
- Began with the Sikh army's mutiny against the British in Multan
- Concluded with the Treaty of Lahore in 1849, dissolving the Sikh Empire
👉200 Years (1823-1824)
• Establishment of the first Indian-owned newspaper, "Mirat-ul-Akbar" by Raja Ram Mohan Roy (1823)
- Launched on April 12, 1822, in the Persian language
- Catered to Bengali population proficient in Persian
- Critiqued British policies in both India and Ireland
- Publication ceased due to restrictions imposed by John Adams' ordinance
• Sirohi State taken under British protection (September 11, 1823)
- Treaty signed in 1823 under the Policy of Subordinate Isolation[8]
- Sirohi became a self-governing princely state within British India
- Part of the Rajputana Agency
- Last Rajputana state to make a treaty under the Subordinate Separation Treaty
👉225 Years (1798-1799)
• Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1798-1799)
- Led to the fall of Tipu Sultan and British control over most of South India
- Conflict between the Kingdom of Mysore against the British East India Company and Hyderabad Deccan
- British captured the capital of Mysore, Srirangapatnam
- Tipu Sultan killed in the battle on May 4, 1799
👉250 Years (1773-1774)
• Regulating Act of 1773
- First step taken by the British government to control and regulate the affairs of the East India Company in India
- Created the positions of Governor-General and Council, with Warren Hastings as the first Governor-General
- Introduced changes to the company's constitution and government structure in India
- Directors elected for four-year terms, with one-quarter retiring each year
• Warren Hastings appointed as Governor of Bengal (1772)
- Served as the first Governor-General of Bengal from 1772 to 1785
- Implemented administrative reforms through the Regulating Act of 1773
- Established the Calcutta Madrasa in 1781 for Islamic studies
- Co-founded the Asiatic Society of Bengal in 1784 with Sir William Jones
👉275 Years (1748-1749)
• Beginning of the Carnatic Wars (1746-1763)
- Series of conflicts between the British and French East India Companies in the Carnatic region
- Consisted of three wars: First Carnatic War (1746-1748), Second Carnatic War (1749-1754), and Third Carnatic War (1757-1763)
- Second Carnatic War marked a turning point in British-French colonial rivalry in India
- Third Carnatic War concluded with the Treaty of Paris in 1763, ending French territorial ambitions in India
• Establishment of the first Indian-owned newspaper, "Mirat-ul-Akbar" by Raja Ram Mohan Roy (1823)
- Launched on April 12, 1822, in the Persian language
- Catered to Bengali population proficient in Persian
- Critiqued British policies in both India and Ireland
- Publication ceased due to restrictions imposed by John Adams' ordinance
• Sirohi State taken under British protection (September 11, 1823)
- Treaty signed in 1823 under the Policy of Subordinate Isolation[8]
- Sirohi became a self-governing princely state within British India
- Part of the Rajputana Agency
- Last Rajputana state to make a treaty under the Subordinate Separation Treaty
👉225 Years (1798-1799)
• Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1798-1799)
- Led to the fall of Tipu Sultan and British control over most of South India
- Conflict between the Kingdom of Mysore against the British East India Company and Hyderabad Deccan
- British captured the capital of Mysore, Srirangapatnam
- Tipu Sultan killed in the battle on May 4, 1799
👉250 Years (1773-1774)
• Regulating Act of 1773
- First step taken by the British government to control and regulate the affairs of the East India Company in India
- Created the positions of Governor-General and Council, with Warren Hastings as the first Governor-General
- Introduced changes to the company's constitution and government structure in India
- Directors elected for four-year terms, with one-quarter retiring each year
• Warren Hastings appointed as Governor of Bengal (1772)
- Served as the first Governor-General of Bengal from 1772 to 1785
- Implemented administrative reforms through the Regulating Act of 1773
- Established the Calcutta Madrasa in 1781 for Islamic studies
- Co-founded the Asiatic Society of Bengal in 1784 with Sir William Jones
👉275 Years (1748-1749)
• Beginning of the Carnatic Wars (1746-1763)
- Series of conflicts between the British and French East India Companies in the Carnatic region
- Consisted of three wars: First Carnatic War (1746-1748), Second Carnatic War (1749-1754), and Third Carnatic War (1757-1763)
- Second Carnatic War marked a turning point in British-French colonial rivalry in India
- Third Carnatic War concluded with the Treaty of Paris in 1763, ending French territorial ambitions in India
300 Years (1723-1724)
• Accession of Muhammad Shah to the Mughal throne (1719)
- Marked the beginning of the decline of the Mughal Empire
- Known as "Rangila" (colorful) for his interest in arts and culture
- His reign saw the emergence of regional powers like the Marathas and Nizam of Hyderabad
- Faced invasions from Nadir Shah of Persia in 1739
325 Years (1698-1699)
• Formation of the English East India Company (1600)
- Marking the beginning of British commercial interests in India
- Received a royal charter from Queen Elizabeth I for exclusive trading rights
- Established its first factory in Surat in 1613
- Gradually expanded its influence through trade and diplomacy
350 Years (1673-1674)
• Coronation of Shivaji as Chhatrapati (1674)
- Established the Maratha Empire
- Ceremony held at Raigad fort on June 6, 1674
- Adopted the title of "Chhatrapati" (sovereign) and "Haindava Dharmodharak" (protector of Hindu faith)
- Implemented a centralized administration and revenue system
375 Years (1648-1649)
• Construction of the Taj Mahal completed (1653)
- One of India's most iconic monuments
- Built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal
- Took approximately 22 years to complete
- Exemplifies Mughal architecture, combining Persian, Islamic, and Indian styles
• Accession of Muhammad Shah to the Mughal throne (1719)
- Marked the beginning of the decline of the Mughal Empire
- Known as "Rangila" (colorful) for his interest in arts and culture
- His reign saw the emergence of regional powers like the Marathas and Nizam of Hyderabad
- Faced invasions from Nadir Shah of Persia in 1739
325 Years (1698-1699)
• Formation of the English East India Company (1600)
- Marking the beginning of British commercial interests in India
- Received a royal charter from Queen Elizabeth I for exclusive trading rights
- Established its first factory in Surat in 1613
- Gradually expanded its influence through trade and diplomacy
350 Years (1673-1674)
• Coronation of Shivaji as Chhatrapati (1674)
- Established the Maratha Empire
- Ceremony held at Raigad fort on June 6, 1674
- Adopted the title of "Chhatrapati" (sovereign) and "Haindava Dharmodharak" (protector of Hindu faith)
- Implemented a centralized administration and revenue system
375 Years (1648-1649)
• Construction of the Taj Mahal completed (1653)
- One of India's most iconic monuments
- Built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal
- Took approximately 22 years to complete
- Exemplifies Mughal architecture, combining Persian, Islamic, and Indian styles
400 Years (1623-1624)
• Jahangir's death and accession of Shah Jahan to the Mughal throne (1627)
- Shah Jahan became the fifth Mughal emperor
- His reign is considered the golden age of Mughal architecture
- Commissioned numerous buildings including the Taj Mahal and Red Fort
- Expanded the Mughal Empire to its greatest territorial extent
425 Years (1598-1599)
• Establishment of the Dutch East India Company (1602)
- Marking the beginning of Dutch commercial interests in India
- Established its first factory in Masulipatnam in 1605
- Competed with the English and Portuguese for trade supremacy
- Focused primarily on the spice trade in the East Indies
450 Years (1573-1574)
• Akbar's conquest of Gujarat (1572)
- Expanded the Mughal Empire's territories
- Defeated the last Sultan of Gujarat, Muzaffar Shah III
- Incorporated Gujarat into the Mughal Empire
- Gained access to important ports for maritime trade
475 Years (1548-1549)
• Birth of Mirabai (c. 1498)
- Renowned Hindu mystic poet and devotee of Krishna
- Composed numerous devotional bhajans and poems
- Her works are central to the Bhakti movement in North India
- Known for her unwavering devotion to Lord Krishna
500 Years (1523-1524)
• First Battle of Panipat (1526)
- Establishment of the Mughal Empire under Babur
- Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate
- Marked the beginning of Mughal rule in India
- Introduced new military tactics and the use of gunpowder in Indian warfare
• Jahangir's death and accession of Shah Jahan to the Mughal throne (1627)
- Shah Jahan became the fifth Mughal emperor
- His reign is considered the golden age of Mughal architecture
- Commissioned numerous buildings including the Taj Mahal and Red Fort
- Expanded the Mughal Empire to its greatest territorial extent
425 Years (1598-1599)
• Establishment of the Dutch East India Company (1602)
- Marking the beginning of Dutch commercial interests in India
- Established its first factory in Masulipatnam in 1605
- Competed with the English and Portuguese for trade supremacy
- Focused primarily on the spice trade in the East Indies
450 Years (1573-1574)
• Akbar's conquest of Gujarat (1572)
- Expanded the Mughal Empire's territories
- Defeated the last Sultan of Gujarat, Muzaffar Shah III
- Incorporated Gujarat into the Mughal Empire
- Gained access to important ports for maritime trade
475 Years (1548-1549)
• Birth of Mirabai (c. 1498)
- Renowned Hindu mystic poet and devotee of Krishna
- Composed numerous devotional bhajans and poems
- Her works are central to the Bhakti movement in North India
- Known for her unwavering devotion to Lord Krishna
500 Years (1523-1524)
• First Battle of Panipat (1526)
- Establishment of the Mughal Empire under Babur
- Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate
- Marked the beginning of Mughal rule in India
- Introduced new military tactics and the use of gunpowder in Indian warfare
525 Years (1498-1499)
• Vasco da Gama's arrival in Calicut (1498)
- Marked the beginning of European maritime trade with India
- Established direct sea route between Europe and India
- Led to the Portuguese establishing trading posts along the Indian coast
- Initiated the era of European colonialism in India
550 Years (1473-1474)
• Birth of Guru Nanak Dev (1469)
- Founder of Sikhism
- Emphasized the importance of one God and equality among all humans
- Introduced the concept of langar (community kitchen) to promote social equality
- His teachings formed the foundation of Sikh philosophy and practices
575 Years (1448-1449)
• Establishment of the Bahmani Sultanate (1347)
- One of the major Muslim kingdoms in the Deccan
- Founded by Alauddin Bahman Shah after revolting against the Delhi Sultanate
- Promoted Persian culture and architecture in the Deccan region
- Engaged in frequent conflicts with the Vijayanagara Empire
600 Years (1423-1424)
• Reign of Deva Raya II of Vijayanagara Empire (1424-1446)
- Period of cultural and imperial expansion
- Patronized literature and arts, leading to a cultural renaissance
- Strengthened the empire's military and expanded its territories
- Encouraged trade with foreign countries, including Persia and Portugal
• Vasco da Gama's arrival in Calicut (1498)
- Marked the beginning of European maritime trade with India
- Established direct sea route between Europe and India
- Led to the Portuguese establishing trading posts along the Indian coast
- Initiated the era of European colonialism in India
550 Years (1473-1474)
• Birth of Guru Nanak Dev (1469)
- Founder of Sikhism
- Emphasized the importance of one God and equality among all humans
- Introduced the concept of langar (community kitchen) to promote social equality
- His teachings formed the foundation of Sikh philosophy and practices
575 Years (1448-1449)
• Establishment of the Bahmani Sultanate (1347)
- One of the major Muslim kingdoms in the Deccan
- Founded by Alauddin Bahman Shah after revolting against the Delhi Sultanate
- Promoted Persian culture and architecture in the Deccan region
- Engaged in frequent conflicts with the Vijayanagara Empire
600 Years (1423-1424)
• Reign of Deva Raya II of Vijayanagara Empire (1424-1446)
- Period of cultural and imperial expansion
- Patronized literature and arts, leading to a cultural renaissance
- Strengthened the empire's military and expanded its territories
- Encouraged trade with foreign countries, including Persia and Portugal
625 Years (1398-1399)
• Timur's invasion of India (1398)
- Led to the weakening of the Delhi Sultanate
- Resulted in widespread destruction and looting of Delhi
- Disrupted the political and economic stability of North India
- Indirectly paved the way for the rise of regional powers
650 Years (1373-1374)
• Embassy sent by Bukka I of Vijayanagara Empire to the Emperor of China (1374)
- Demonstrated the extent of diplomatic relations in medieval India
- Aimed at fostering trade and cultural exchanges with China
- Highlighted the growing international recognition of the Vijayanagara Empire
- Contributed to the expansion of maritime trade in the Indian Ocean
675 Years (1348-1349)
• Foundation of the Bahmani Sultanate by Alauddin Bahman Shah (1347)
- Established the first independent Muslim kingdom in the Deccan
- Introduced Persian and Islamic cultural elements to the region
- Developed a unique Indo-Islamic architectural style
- Laid the groundwork for future Deccan sultanates
700 Years (1323-1324)
• Fall of the Kakatiya dynasty (1323)
- Marked by the defeat of Prataparudra by Ulugh Khan
- Ended the rule of the Kakatiya dynasty in the Telangana region
- Led to the incorporation of the region into the Delhi Sultanate
- Resulted in significant cultural and political changes in the Deccan
• Timur's invasion of India (1398)
- Led to the weakening of the Delhi Sultanate
- Resulted in widespread destruction and looting of Delhi
- Disrupted the political and economic stability of North India
- Indirectly paved the way for the rise of regional powers
650 Years (1373-1374)
• Embassy sent by Bukka I of Vijayanagara Empire to the Emperor of China (1374)
- Demonstrated the extent of diplomatic relations in medieval India
- Aimed at fostering trade and cultural exchanges with China
- Highlighted the growing international recognition of the Vijayanagara Empire
- Contributed to the expansion of maritime trade in the Indian Ocean
675 Years (1348-1349)
• Foundation of the Bahmani Sultanate by Alauddin Bahman Shah (1347)
- Established the first independent Muslim kingdom in the Deccan
- Introduced Persian and Islamic cultural elements to the region
- Developed a unique Indo-Islamic architectural style
- Laid the groundwork for future Deccan sultanates
700 Years (1323-1324)
• Fall of the Kakatiya dynasty (1323)
- Marked by the defeat of Prataparudra by Ulugh Khan
- Ended the rule of the Kakatiya dynasty in the Telangana region
- Led to the incorporation of the region into the Delhi Sultanate
- Resulted in significant cultural and political changes in the Deccan
725 Years (1298-1299)
• Marco Polo's visit to India (c. 1292-1294)
- Provided early European accounts of Indian civilization
- Described the Pandya kingdom in southern India
- Mentioned the pearl fisheries of the Gulf of Mannar
- His accounts stimulated European interest in Indian trade
750 Years (1273-1274)
• Birth of Sant Dnyaneshwar (1275)
- Influential Marathi saint-poet
- Wrote a commentary on the Bhagavad Gita called Dnyaneshwari
- Promoted the Varkari tradition of Bhakti movement in Maharashtra
- His works significantly influenced Marathi literature and spirituality
775 Years (1248-1249)
• Reign of Narasimha II of the Hoysala Empire (1220-1235)
- Period of architectural achievements
- Commissioned the construction of the Chennakesava Temple at Somanathapura
- Expanded the empire's territories in southern India
- Patronized literature and arts, contributing to Kannada culture
800 Years (1223-1224)
• Delhi Sultanate established by Qutb ud-Din Aibak (1206)
- Beginning of Muslim rule in North India
- Qutb ud-Din Aibak started the construction of Qutb Minar
- Introduced the Iqta system in India
- Marked a significant shift in Indian political and cultural landscape
• Marco Polo's visit to India (c. 1292-1294)
- Provided early European accounts of Indian civilization
- Described the Pandya kingdom in southern India
- Mentioned the pearl fisheries of the Gulf of Mannar
- His accounts stimulated European interest in Indian trade
750 Years (1273-1274)
• Birth of Sant Dnyaneshwar (1275)
- Influential Marathi saint-poet
- Wrote a commentary on the Bhagavad Gita called Dnyaneshwari
- Promoted the Varkari tradition of Bhakti movement in Maharashtra
- His works significantly influenced Marathi literature and spirituality
775 Years (1248-1249)
• Reign of Narasimha II of the Hoysala Empire (1220-1235)
- Period of architectural achievements
- Commissioned the construction of the Chennakesava Temple at Somanathapura
- Expanded the empire's territories in southern India
- Patronized literature and arts, contributing to Kannada culture
800 Years (1223-1224)
• Delhi Sultanate established by Qutb ud-Din Aibak (1206)
- Beginning of Muslim rule in North India
- Qutb ud-Din Aibak started the construction of Qutb Minar
- Introduced the Iqta system in India
- Marked a significant shift in Indian political and cultural landscape
825 Years (1198-1199)
• Defeat of Muhammad of Ghor by Prithviraj Chauhan in the First Battle of Tarain (1191)
- Prithviraj Chauhan successfully defended his kingdom against the invading forces
- Demonstrated the military strength of Rajput kingdoms
- Temporary setback for Muslim expansion in North India
- Highlighted the fragmented nature of Indian polity at the time
850 Years (1173-1174)
• Beginning of Ghurid invasions of India under Muhammad of Ghor (1175)
- Marked the start of a new wave of Muslim invasions from Central Asia
- Led to the eventual establishment of the Delhi Sultanate
- Introduced new military tactics and technology to the Indian subcontinent
- Significantly altered the political landscape of North India
875 Years (1148-1149)
• Reign of Kumarapala of the Chaulukya dynasty (1143-1172)
- Period of Jain influence in Gujarat
- Patronized Jain scholars and promoted Jain philosophy
- Expanded the Chaulukya empire in western India
- Contributed to the architectural development of Somnath temple
900 Years (1123-1124)
• Reign of Vikramaditya VI of the Western Chalukya Empire (1076-1126)
- Period of literary and cultural achievements
- Patronized the famous poet Bilhana
- Introduced the Chalukya-Vikrama era
- Expanded the empire's influence in the Deccan region
925 Years (1098-1099)
• Reign of Kulottunga I of the Chola Empire (1070-1120)
- Expansion of Chola influence
- Consolidated Chola control over Sri Lanka
- Promoted trade relations with Southeast Asian kingdoms
- Patronized Tamil literature and temple construction
950 Years (1073-1074)
• Compilation of the Brihad-dharmapurana
- Important text in the development of Shaivism
- Synthesized various Shaiva traditions
- Influenced the development of Shaiva philosophy and rituals
- Contributed to the growth of bhakti movement in South India
975 Years (1048-1049)
• Reign of Bhoja of the Paramara dynasty (1010-1055)
- Known for his patronage of arts and literature
- Wrote several works on poetry, grammar, and astronomy
- Developed Dhar as a center of learning and culture
- Constructed the Bhojeshwar Temple dedicated to Shiva
1000 Years (1023-1024)
• Mahmud of Ghazni's invasion of Somnath temple (1025)
- Significant event in the history of Islamic invasions of India
- Led to the destruction of the famous Somnath temple in Gujarat
- Highlighted the vulnerability of Indian kingdoms to foreign invasions
- Stimulated the development of Rajput resistance in North India
• Defeat of Muhammad of Ghor by Prithviraj Chauhan in the First Battle of Tarain (1191)
- Prithviraj Chauhan successfully defended his kingdom against the invading forces
- Demonstrated the military strength of Rajput kingdoms
- Temporary setback for Muslim expansion in North India
- Highlighted the fragmented nature of Indian polity at the time
850 Years (1173-1174)
• Beginning of Ghurid invasions of India under Muhammad of Ghor (1175)
- Marked the start of a new wave of Muslim invasions from Central Asia
- Led to the eventual establishment of the Delhi Sultanate
- Introduced new military tactics and technology to the Indian subcontinent
- Significantly altered the political landscape of North India
875 Years (1148-1149)
• Reign of Kumarapala of the Chaulukya dynasty (1143-1172)
- Period of Jain influence in Gujarat
- Patronized Jain scholars and promoted Jain philosophy
- Expanded the Chaulukya empire in western India
- Contributed to the architectural development of Somnath temple
900 Years (1123-1124)
• Reign of Vikramaditya VI of the Western Chalukya Empire (1076-1126)
- Period of literary and cultural achievements
- Patronized the famous poet Bilhana
- Introduced the Chalukya-Vikrama era
- Expanded the empire's influence in the Deccan region
925 Years (1098-1099)
• Reign of Kulottunga I of the Chola Empire (1070-1120)
- Expansion of Chola influence
- Consolidated Chola control over Sri Lanka
- Promoted trade relations with Southeast Asian kingdoms
- Patronized Tamil literature and temple construction
950 Years (1073-1074)
• Compilation of the Brihad-dharmapurana
- Important text in the development of Shaivism
- Synthesized various Shaiva traditions
- Influenced the development of Shaiva philosophy and rituals
- Contributed to the growth of bhakti movement in South India
975 Years (1048-1049)
• Reign of Bhoja of the Paramara dynasty (1010-1055)
- Known for his patronage of arts and literature
- Wrote several works on poetry, grammar, and astronomy
- Developed Dhar as a center of learning and culture
- Constructed the Bhojeshwar Temple dedicated to Shiva
1000 Years (1023-1024)
• Mahmud of Ghazni's invasion of Somnath temple (1025)
- Significant event in the history of Islamic invasions of India
- Led to the destruction of the famous Somnath temple in Gujarat
- Highlighted the vulnerability of Indian kingdoms to foreign invasions
- Stimulated the development of Rajput resistance in North India
1025 Years (998-999)
• Rise of the Ghaznavid Empire
- Established by SebĂĽktigin in 977 CE
- Expanded under Mahmud of Ghazni, who conducted multiple raids into India
- Introduced a new era of Islamic influence in the Indian subcontinent
- Weakened existing Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms in North India
1050 Years (973-974)
• Reign of Rajaraja Chola I begins (985-1014 CE)
- Expanded the Chola Empire to its greatest extent
- Patronized arts, literature, and temple construction
- Built the Brihadeeswarar Temple at Thanjavur, a UNESCO World Heritage site
- Established a strong naval presence in the Indian Ocean
1075 Years (948-949)
• Emergence of the Chandela dynasty in Central India
- Ruled over the Bundelkhand region
- Known for their architectural achievements, including the Khajuraho temples
- Played a significant role in resisting Islamic invasions
- Patronized art, literature, and Sanskrit scholarship
1100 Years (923-924)
• Reign of Indra III of the Rashtrakuta Empire
- Defeated the Pratihara Empire and briefly captured Kannauj
- Extended Rashtrakuta influence in North India
- Patronized literature and arts
- Maintained diplomatic relations with the Arab world
• Rise of the Ghaznavid Empire
- Established by SebĂĽktigin in 977 CE
- Expanded under Mahmud of Ghazni, who conducted multiple raids into India
- Introduced a new era of Islamic influence in the Indian subcontinent
- Weakened existing Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms in North India
1050 Years (973-974)
• Reign of Rajaraja Chola I begins (985-1014 CE)
- Expanded the Chola Empire to its greatest extent
- Patronized arts, literature, and temple construction
- Built the Brihadeeswarar Temple at Thanjavur, a UNESCO World Heritage site
- Established a strong naval presence in the Indian Ocean
1075 Years (948-949)
• Emergence of the Chandela dynasty in Central India
- Ruled over the Bundelkhand region
- Known for their architectural achievements, including the Khajuraho temples
- Played a significant role in resisting Islamic invasions
- Patronized art, literature, and Sanskrit scholarship
1100 Years (923-924)
• Reign of Indra III of the Rashtrakuta Empire
- Defeated the Pratihara Empire and briefly captured Kannauj
- Extended Rashtrakuta influence in North India
- Patronized literature and arts
- Maintained diplomatic relations with the Arab world
1125 Years (898-899)
• Rise of the Pratihara Empire under Mahendrapala I
- Expanded the empire's territories in northern India
- Patronized Sanskrit literature and arts
- Maintained diplomatic relations with the Arab world
- Defended against invasions from the Rashtrakutas
1150 Years (873-874)
• Reign of Aditya I of the Chola dynasty begins
- Laid the foundation for the imperial expansion of the Chola Empire
- Defeated the Pallava king Aparajitavarman
- Initiated the construction of several temples
- Promoted maritime trade in the Bay of Bengal
1175 Years (848-849)
• Reign of Amoghavarsha I of the Rashtrakuta dynasty
- Known as one of the greatest rulers of the Rashtrakuta dynasty
- Patron of literature and wrote the Kavirajamarga, the earliest known Kannada work on poetics
- Promoted Jainism and constructed several Jain temples
- Maintained diplomatic relations with the Arab Caliphate
1200 Years (823-824)
• Rise of the Pala Empire under Devapala
- Expanded the empire's territories in eastern India
- Patronized Buddhism and established several monasteries
- Promoted trade relations with Southeast Asian kingdoms
- Defended against invasions from the Gurjara-Pratiharas
• Rise of the Pratihara Empire under Mahendrapala I
- Expanded the empire's territories in northern India
- Patronized Sanskrit literature and arts
- Maintained diplomatic relations with the Arab world
- Defended against invasions from the Rashtrakutas
1150 Years (873-874)
• Reign of Aditya I of the Chola dynasty begins
- Laid the foundation for the imperial expansion of the Chola Empire
- Defeated the Pallava king Aparajitavarman
- Initiated the construction of several temples
- Promoted maritime trade in the Bay of Bengal
1175 Years (848-849)
• Reign of Amoghavarsha I of the Rashtrakuta dynasty
- Known as one of the greatest rulers of the Rashtrakuta dynasty
- Patron of literature and wrote the Kavirajamarga, the earliest known Kannada work on poetics
- Promoted Jainism and constructed several Jain temples
- Maintained diplomatic relations with the Arab Caliphate
1200 Years (823-824)
• Rise of the Pala Empire under Devapala
- Expanded the empire's territories in eastern India
- Patronized Buddhism and established several monasteries
- Promoted trade relations with Southeast Asian kingdoms
- Defended against invasions from the Gurjara-Pratiharas
1225 Years (798-799)
• Rise of the Rashtrakuta Empire under Govinda III
- Expanded the empire's territories across central and northern India
- Defeated the Gurjara-Pratiharas and the Palas
- Patronized literature and arts, especially the Kailasanatha temple at Ellora
- Established diplomatic relations with the Abbasid Caliphate
1250 Years (773-774)
• Reign of Dhruva Dharavarsha of the Rashtrakuta dynasty
- Consolidated Rashtrakuta power in the Deccan
- Defeated the Gurjara-Pratiharas and the Palas
- Patronized Sanskrit literature and Jainism
- Laid the foundation for the golden age of the Rashtrakutas
1275 Years (748-749)
• Rise of the Pala Empire under Gopala I
- Founded the Pala dynasty in Bengal and Bihar
- Promoted Buddhism and established several monasteries
- Initiated the tradition of Bengali Buddhist art
- Established control over Magadha
• Rise of the Rashtrakuta Empire under Govinda III
- Expanded the empire's territories across central and northern India
- Defeated the Gurjara-Pratiharas and the Palas
- Patronized literature and arts, especially the Kailasanatha temple at Ellora
- Established diplomatic relations with the Abbasid Caliphate
1250 Years (773-774)
• Reign of Dhruva Dharavarsha of the Rashtrakuta dynasty
- Consolidated Rashtrakuta power in the Deccan
- Defeated the Gurjara-Pratiharas and the Palas
- Patronized Sanskrit literature and Jainism
- Laid the foundation for the golden age of the Rashtrakutas
1275 Years (748-749)
• Rise of the Pala Empire under Gopala I
- Founded the Pala dynasty in Bengal and Bihar
- Promoted Buddhism and established several monasteries
- Initiated the tradition of Bengali Buddhist art
- Established control over Magadha
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