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Thread: Pathognomonic Signs of Common Diseases for the USMLE 📚🩺 Part 3
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Here we go with part 3 of our #USMLE series on pathognomonic signs! These crucial indicators will help sharpen your diagnostic skills. Ready? Let’s dive in! 👇

2/ Painless Jaundice
▶️ Disease: Pancreatic Cancer
▶️ Sign: Jaundice without pain.
▶️ Why Important: Often indicates a tumor obstructing the bile duct. 🟡

3/ Pigeon Chest (Pectus Carinatum)
▶️ Disease: Rickets
▶️ Sign: Protruding chest due to abnormal bone growth.
▶️ Why Important: Signals underlying vitamin D deficiency in children. 🦴

4/ McBurney’s Point Tenderness
▶️ Disease: Appendicitis
▶️ Sign: Tenderness 1/3 the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the navel.
▶️ Why Important: A classic sign of acute appendicitis requiring prompt surgery. 📍

5/ Currant Jelly Sputum
▶️ Disease: Klebsiella Pneumonia
▶️ Sign: Thick, blood-tinged sputum.
▶️ Why Important: Suggests Klebsiella infection, often in alcoholics or diabetics. 🍇

6/ Courvoisier’s Sign
▶️ Disease: Pancreatic or Gallbladder Cancer
▶️ Sign: Palpable, non-tender gallbladder with jaundice.
▶️ Why Important: Indicates possible malignancy, not gallstones. 🟢

7/ Beck’s Triad
▶️ Disease: Cardiac Tamponade
▶️ Sign: Hypotension, muffled heart sounds, jugular venous distension.
▶️ Why Important: Life-threatening condition requiring immediate intervention. 🫀

8/ Grey Turner’s Sign
▶️ Disease: Acute Pancreatitis
▶️ Sign: Flank bruising.
▶️ Why Important: Indicates severe pancreatitis with retroperitoneal hemorrhage. 🔵

9/ Cullen’s Sign
▶️ Disease: Acute Pancreatitis
▶️ Sign: Periumbilical bruising.
▶️ Why Important: Another sign of severe pancreatitis with internal bleeding. 🔵

10/ Allen’s Test
▶️ Disease: Radial/Ulnar Artery Patency
▶️ Sign: Delayed blood return upon releasing ulnar artery after occlusion.
▶️ Why Important: Checks arterial blood flow before procedures like arterial blood gas sampling. 🩸

11/ Froment’s Sign
▶️ Disease: Ulnar Nerve Palsy
▶️ Sign: Flexion of thumb’s IP joint when pinching paper.
▶️ Why Important: Indicates weakness of adductor pollicis, confirming ulnar nerve issue. ✋

12/ Delta Sign
▶️ Disease: Epidural Hematoma
▶️ Sign: Hyperdense biconvex lesion on CT scan.
▶️ Why Important: Rapidly enlarging hematoma needing urgent surgical intervention. 🧠

13/ Charcot’s Triad
▶️ Disease: Cholangitis
▶️ Sign: Fever, jaundice, right upper quadrant pain.
▶️ Why Important: Classic triad indicating bile duct infection. ⚠️

14/ Reed-Sternberg Cells
▶️ Disease: Hodgkin Lymphoma
▶️ Sign: Large, binucleated cells (owl-eye appearance) on biopsy.
▶️ Why Important: Pathognomonic for Hodgkin lymphoma, guiding treatment. 🦉

15/ Bence Jones Proteins
▶️ Disease: Multiple Myeloma
▶️ Sign: Light chain proteins in urine.
▶️ Why Important: Diagnostic of multiple myeloma, indicating plasma cell disorder. 🧬

16/ Leukoplakia
▶️ Disease: Precancerous Oral Lesions
▶️ Sign: White patches on the mucous membranes.
▶️ Why Important: Can progress to oral cancer, necessitating monitoring. ⚪

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That's a wrap for part 3! Keep these signs on your radar—they're essential for #USMLE success. Happy studying and good luck! 🚀📖 #MedTwitter #MedEd

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