Uncreated. The proof was invented by al-Imām al-Shāfiʿī, later codofied by al-Imām al-Ashʿarī.
al-Shāfiʿī said: “Allāh only created the creation with ‘Kun’, so if that is Makhlūq, then it necessitates a Makhlūq being created from a Makhlūq!”
Authentic.
Ḥilyat al-Awliyāʾ 9/111
al-Shāfiʿī said: “Allāh only created the creation with ‘Kun’, so if that is Makhlūq, then it necessitates a Makhlūq being created from a Makhlūq!”
Authentic.
Ḥilyat al-Awliyāʾ 9/111
The argument can be summarized as:
P1- Allāh only creates with ‘Kun’
P2- The creation had a beginning (Tasalsul is impossible)
C- ‘Kun’ (Allāh's speech) is uncreated
P1- Allāh only creates with ‘Kun’
P2- The creation had a beginning (Tasalsul is impossible)
C- ‘Kun’ (Allāh's speech) is uncreated
Evidence for P1:
“Indeed, the **only** thing We say to something when We intend it, is to say to it ‘Be!’ And it is.” {al-Qurān 16/40}
The word used is “إنما”
وهو يفيد الحصر
“Indeed, the **only** thing We say to something when We intend it, is to say to it ‘Be!’ And it is.” {al-Qurān 16/40}
The word used is “إنما”
وهو يفيد الحصر
Evidence for P2:
“Travel throughout the land and see how He **began** the creation.” {al-Qurān 29/20}
The word used is “بدأ” which means “to begin”.
Additionally, Burhān al-Taṭbīq also proves the impossibility of an infinite regress.
“Travel throughout the land and see how He **began** the creation.” {al-Qurān 29/20}
The word used is “بدأ” which means “to begin”.
Additionally, Burhān al-Taṭbīq also proves the impossibility of an infinite regress.
Therefore, as the two premises are correct, the conclusion follows, and that is that the speech of Allāh is uncreated, for if it were created, that would result in an infinite regress, which is already disproven by premise 2.
The same argument was used by al-Imām al-Buwayṭī, al-Imām al-Shāfiʿī's top student, as al-Dhahabī and others narrate. al-Buwayṭī was the one who narrated the argument from al-Shāfiʿī, from whom he learnt it.
al-Buwayṭī passed away shackled in iron, while saying: “Allāh only created the creation with ‘Kun’, so if that is Makhlūq, then it necessitates a Makhlūq being created from a Makhlūq!”
Tārīkh al-Islām 17/424
Tārīkh al-Islām 17/424
al-Imām al-Nawawī says that al-Imām al-Buwayṭī was “the Khalīfah (successor) of al-Shāfiʿī after him”.
Daqāʾiq al-Minhāj 48
And it seems like he inherited al-Shāfiʿī not just in Fiqh, but also in ʿIlm al-Kalām!
Daqāʾiq al-Minhāj 48
And it seems like he inherited al-Shāfiʿī not just in Fiqh, but also in ʿIlm al-Kalām!
Imām Ahl al-Sunnah Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ashʿarī uses the same argument, in a more developed manner.
Risālat Ahl al-Thaghr 126
Risālat Ahl al-Thaghr 126
Sayf al-Sunnah al-Bāqillānī uses the same argument.
al-Tamhīd 268
al-Tamhīd 268
al-Imām Abū al-Qāsim al-Anṣārī, student of Imām al-Ḥaramayn, says that this is the proof used by the Ashʿarīs to prove the uncreatedness of the Qurān.
Sharḥ al-Irshād 2/89
Sharḥ al-Irshād 2/89
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