Nepal: Only country in the world we share a roti-beti connection with 🇳🇵🇮🇳
Compiling ALL important pointers you need for #UPSC Mains IR in this thread.
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Compiling ALL important pointers you need for #UPSC Mains IR in this thread.
Bookmark before you scroll 😉
The foundation of relations between India and Nepal was laid with the Indo-Nepalese friendship Treaty in 1950
Some Key Features of this Treaty
• Established a "special relationship" with clauses related to security, information sharing, and equal opportunities for citizens in both countries
• It allows free movement of people across the open Indo-Nepal border, with some restrictions on land ownership & govt employment
Some Key Features of this Treaty
• Established a "special relationship" with clauses related to security, information sharing, and equal opportunities for citizens in both countries
• It allows free movement of people across the open Indo-Nepal border, with some restrictions on land ownership & govt employment
Know the Commerce & Trade
• Trade Volume: Bilateral trade exceeded US$ 7 billion in FY 2019-20
• Exports Impact: Indian exports contribute nearly 22% to Nepal's GDP
• Trade Growth: Indian exports to Nepal grew 8 times in the past decade, while exports from Nepal nearly doubled
• Economic Significance: Nepal ranks 11th among India's export destinations, accounting for 2.34% of India's exports in FY 2021-22
• Trade Volume: Bilateral trade exceeded US$ 7 billion in FY 2019-20
• Exports Impact: Indian exports contribute nearly 22% to Nepal's GDP
• Trade Growth: Indian exports to Nepal grew 8 times in the past decade, while exports from Nepal nearly doubled
• Economic Significance: Nepal ranks 11th among India's export destinations, accounting for 2.34% of India's exports in FY 2021-22
Development & Infra Partnership:
• Rail links like Jaynagar-Bardibas and Jogbani-Biratnagar being constructed
• Discussions on Inland Waterway connectivity with four multi-modal routes under consideration
• MoU signed for the construction of a motorable bridge across the Mahakali River
• Completed Terai road packages, High Impact Community Development Projects (HICDPs) & connectivity initiatives
• Rail links like Jaynagar-Bardibas and Jogbani-Biratnagar being constructed
• Discussions on Inland Waterway connectivity with four multi-modal routes under consideration
• MoU signed for the construction of a motorable bridge across the Mahakali River
• Completed Terai road packages, High Impact Community Development Projects (HICDPs) & connectivity initiatives
Water, Power & Energy : Major Component of Bilateral
• Completed cross-border transmission lines for Energy security
• India supplies about 600 MW of power to Nepal, helping address power shortages
• Facilitation of cross-border trade of electricity Permission for Nepal to sell surplus energy to India
• Bilateral mechanism established to discuss water resources, flood management, and inundation.
• Specialized committees oversee specific projects, including Saptkosi and Sunkosi, flood management & Kosi & Gandak Projects
• Completed cross-border transmission lines for Energy security
• India supplies about 600 MW of power to Nepal, helping address power shortages
• Facilitation of cross-border trade of electricity Permission for Nepal to sell surplus energy to India
• Bilateral mechanism established to discuss water resources, flood management, and inundation.
• Specialized committees oversee specific projects, including Saptkosi and Sunkosi, flood management & Kosi & Gandak Projects
There are few Contested Regions in this area:
Kalapani Border Dispute:
• Kalapani is in Uttarakhand's Pithoragarh district.
• River Kali defines the border between India and Nepal.
• Dispute centers on the river's source location, with both countries presenting maps to support their claims
Here are the claims of countries
India's Perspective:
• Sugauli Treaty doesn't define the territory north of these rivers
• Historical records show Kalapani as part of India's Pithoragarh district
Nepal's Perspective:
• Kalapani, Limpiyadhura, and Lipu Lekh are in Nepal's Dharchula district
• King Mahendra handed Kalapani to India post the 1962 India-China war
• Lipulekh was removed from Nepal's map to appease India
Kalapani is Nepal's territory temporarily given to India by the King of Nepal for security reasons
Kalapani Border Dispute:
• Kalapani is in Uttarakhand's Pithoragarh district.
• River Kali defines the border between India and Nepal.
• Dispute centers on the river's source location, with both countries presenting maps to support their claims
Here are the claims of countries
India's Perspective:
• Sugauli Treaty doesn't define the territory north of these rivers
• Historical records show Kalapani as part of India's Pithoragarh district
Nepal's Perspective:
• Kalapani, Limpiyadhura, and Lipu Lekh are in Nepal's Dharchula district
• King Mahendra handed Kalapani to India post the 1962 India-China war
• Lipulekh was removed from Nepal's map to appease India
Kalapani is Nepal's territory temporarily given to India by the King of Nepal for security reasons
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