Master the Dynamics of International Relations with these 5 Key Concepts🌐🤝
• Bait & Bleed
• Buck Passing
• Chickens Game
• Prisoners Dilemma
• Offshore Balancing
Bookmark & use them to get a competetive edge in #UPSC Mains 🔖

1. Bait & Bleed
• A Strategy in which a state entices a rival or adversary into a costly & protracted conflict in order to weaken or exhaust its resources & capabilities
• Eg: 🇵🇰 uses Terrorist groups as proxies & insurgency, keeping the region in a state of conflict.
• Constant Resources spent for security which can be diversified for Growth & Development in the region

2. Buckpassing
• A Strategy in which a state seeks to avoid taking a leadership or primary role in addressing a issue by shifting the responsibility to other states or international organizations
• Eg: 🇺🇸 passed the buck to 🇺🇦 to deal with 🇷🇺 avoiding direct conflict however depleting 🇷🇺's resource and damaging their image

3. Chicken's Game
• A classic model where two actors engage in a dangerous contest where the first to yield loses, but if neither yields, both face catastrophic consequences
• Smarter one "Chickens Out" to avoid huge damage, at the cost of Damanged reputation.
• Eg: The Cold War's Cuban Missile Crisis , with the U.S. and the Soviet Union, both risking nuclear war until the Soviets withdrew the missiles

4. Prisoners Dilemma
• Nations face a choice to cooperate or pursue self-interest. Mutual cooperation is ideal but risky due to mistrust
(Self-interest often prevails, leading to suboptimal outcomes)
• Eg: 🇮🇳🇵🇰 possess nuclear weapons & mutual disarmament could enhance regional security
• However, mistrust & fear often lead to both maintaining their nuclear arsenals, causing instability

5. Offshore Balancing
• A Strategy where a state maintains a minimal military presence in a region but relies on local or regional allies to counter potential threats.
(Involves intervening only when a significant imbalance of power occurs)
• Eg: Asia-Pacific, the 🇺🇸 supports regional allies like 🇯🇵 🇰🇷 , providing them with security assurances.
(It intervenes when necessary, such as during the Korean War and disputes in the South China Sea)

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