1/N The relationship between consciousness & matter is at the core of every Indian school of philosophy. Each Indian दर्शन treats it differently and uses that relationship as the very foundation of the system.
2/N
चार्वाक (Charvaka): Consciousness originates from Matter. It can be reduced back to matter. Consciousness by itself is not an independent ontological entity. Perception is the primary instrument of consciousness to acquire knowledge from the material world.
चार्वाक (Charvaka): Consciousness originates from Matter. It can be reduced back to matter. Consciousness by itself is not an independent ontological entity. Perception is the primary instrument of consciousness to acquire knowledge from the material world.
3/N
सांख्य & योग (Sankhya & Yoga): Both consciousness & matter are independent ontological entities. Neither originates from the other, but interact with each other. Consciousness is the witness. Prakṛiti is the cause of first-person experiences. Manifested Prakriti is matter.
सांख्य & योग (Sankhya & Yoga): Both consciousness & matter are independent ontological entities. Neither originates from the other, but interact with each other. Consciousness is the witness. Prakṛiti is the cause of first-person experiences. Manifested Prakriti is matter.
4/N
माध्यमिक (Madhyamika): Both consciousness & matter are empty. They are shunya. Specifically both are empty of svabhaava (स्वभाव) - objective and independent existence of any object or concept.
माध्यमिक (Madhyamika): Both consciousness & matter are empty. They are shunya. Specifically both are empty of svabhaava (स्वभाव) - objective and independent existence of any object or concept.
5/N
अद्वैत वेदान्त (Advaita Vedanta): Consciousness is not produced from matter. Matter is also actually not produced by consciousness. Matter appears in consciousness. Consciousness alone is real. You the sentient being is nothing but consciousness.
अद्वैत वेदान्त (Advaita Vedanta): Consciousness is not produced from matter. Matter is also actually not produced by consciousness. Matter appears in consciousness. Consciousness alone is real. You the sentient being is nothing but consciousness.
6/N
त्रिक (Kashmiri Shaivism): Consciousness (Shiva) alone is real. But it is self-aware. The reflective self-awareness (विमर्श) power of consciousness is Shakti. Shakti manifests matter via 36 tattvas. Shiva & Shakti are always in oneness.
त्रिक (Kashmiri Shaivism): Consciousness (Shiva) alone is real. But it is self-aware. The reflective self-awareness (विमर्श) power of consciousness is Shakti. Shakti manifests matter via 36 tattvas. Shiva & Shakti are always in oneness.
7/N
पूर्ण योग (Integral Yoga): Consciousness through a gradual process of involution manifests itself in matter. Matter is a form of veiled Life, Life a form of veiled Consciousness. The evolution of matter back to super-consciousness is the ultimate goal.
पूर्ण योग (Integral Yoga): Consciousness through a gradual process of involution manifests itself in matter. Matter is a form of veiled Life, Life a form of veiled Consciousness. The evolution of matter back to super-consciousness is the ultimate goal.
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