How do bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and helminths cause disease?
1) Bacteria
🔹Toxins: toxin release causes disease via direct effect or indirectly stimulate immune response.
🔹Host immune response: 1) LPS > excess cytokines release > toxic shock.
2) Granuloma in TB.
1) Bacteria
🔹Toxins: toxin release causes disease via direct effect or indirectly stimulate immune response.
🔹Host immune response: 1) LPS > excess cytokines release > toxic shock.
2) Granuloma in TB.
🔹Proliferation and invasion : skin SA infection > cellulitis.
2)viruses.
🔹Cytopathic effect : rotavirus > lysis of vilus cell of GIT > gastroenteritis.
🔹 Immune response: IR to HBV > hepatitis.
🔹Tumorigenesis: HPV promotes uncontrolled cell growth > tumor.
2)viruses.
🔹Cytopathic effect : rotavirus > lysis of vilus cell of GIT > gastroenteritis.
🔹 Immune response: IR to HBV > hepatitis.
🔹Tumorigenesis: HPV promotes uncontrolled cell growth > tumor.
3)Fungi
🔹Overgrowth: C.albicans overgrow in oral cavity > oral thrush.
🔹Immune response: ringworm triggers delayed hypersensitivity > inflam.
🔹Overgrowth: C.albicans overgrow in oral cavity > oral thrush.
🔹Immune response: ringworm triggers delayed hypersensitivity > inflam.
4) Protozoa
🔹Displacement/ obstruction: E.histolytica > liver abscess.
🔹Cytopathic effect: intracellular L.donovani infect RES > splenomegaly> RBC, WBC, platelets destruction.
🔹Immune response: IR against T.cruzi > myocarditis.
🔹Displacement/ obstruction: E.histolytica > liver abscess.
🔹Cytopathic effect: intracellular L.donovani infect RES > splenomegaly> RBC, WBC, platelets destruction.
🔹Immune response: IR against T.cruzi > myocarditis.
5) Helminths
🔹Displacement: T.solium cyst in brain >neurological defect or blindness.
🔹Parasite-host competition: T.saginata in small intestine > consume host nutrients > malnutrition.
🔹Immune response: IR against W.bancrofti > obstruct LN > elephantiasis.
🔹Displacement: T.solium cyst in brain >neurological defect or blindness.
🔹Parasite-host competition: T.saginata in small intestine > consume host nutrients > malnutrition.
🔹Immune response: IR against W.bancrofti > obstruct LN > elephantiasis.
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